2.4. Diagnostics of malfunctions of cardan transfer, back bridge, running gear, steering and brake system
(Malfunctions of other systems with similar signs are also mentioned in this section. They are designated by a symbol *)
Cause of defect |
Elimination method |
Knock at start-off
| |
Wear of shlitsevy connection of the forward end of the driveshaft with its flange or cardan hinges (klatsaniye), fastening of an intermediate support to an arm or an arm to a body (a deaf sound) weakened |
Proshpritsuyte shlitsevy connections by SHRUS-4, Fiol-1 or Litol-24 lubricant. Replace worn-out cardan hinges or the driveshaft assembled, tighten fastenings of an intermediate support |
The gap in gearing of gear wheels of the main transfer is big, their teeths are worn-out |
Adjust a side gap in gearing of gear wheels. Replace worn-out gear wheels |
The gap in gearing of gear wheels of the main transfer because of a shaft nut otvorachivaniye is broken |
Tighten a nut the recommended moment, if necessary install the new expansion plug |
Break of jet bars of a back suspension bracket or arms of their fastening, side play in saylent-blocks |
Replace bars, weld arms |
Wheel bolts weakened |
Tighten bolts the recommended moment |
Brake shoes stuck or froze to a drum |
Is not malfunction. |
Peeling of a brake slip from the block basis |
Replace a block (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
* Coupling is faulty | |
* Lost elasticity or support of the power unit collapsed |
Replace support |
Noise at movement of the car along the flat highway
| |
Bearings of a reducer of the back bridge are worn-out, their pretightness is broken, landing (uniform noise weakened from the back bridge) |
Replace worn-out bearings, the expansion plug, adjust a pretightness (see. Zadny Bridge) |
Teeths of gear wheels of the main transfer are worn-out, the side gap in gearing, teases on teeths is broken: howl from the back bridge, decreasing or disappearing at decrease in loading (an otpuskaniye of a pedal of "gas") |
Replace worn-out gear wheels, adjust a side gap |
Fastening of the conducted gear wheel to a differential box (a gear wheel beating) weakened |
Tighten threaded connections (it is possible to use sealant for carvings), replace worn-out gear wheels (couple) |
Wear of bearings of half shafts or bearings of naves of forward wheels |
Replace bearings |
The bearing of an intermediate support is worn-out |
Replace the bearing |
Imbalance of cardan transfer |
Check, whether on the place lock rings of bearings of crosspieces. Balance cardan transfer on HUNDRED or replace |
Tires are not intended for these service conditions (on asphalt cross-country, snow tires, antisliding chains, etc. are used) |
Use tires according to their appointment |
High speed in turns |
Reduce speed before turn. Adjust the angles of installation of forward wheels, pressure in tires |
Uneven wear or peeling of a protector, deformation of the tire, rim |
Replace a wheel |
The wheel touches the flap (especially on the loaded car) |
Check and adjust the angles of installation of wheels, replace the deformed suspension bracket details which sank springs. Do not overload the car. Use only regular wheels |
Wheel bolts touch details of a back brake |
Use bolts according to rim thickness |
Details of brake mechanisms touch a brake disk / reel |
Sort knot, replace defective parts |
Bolts of fastening of a wheel weakened |
Tighten bolts, at deformation of a wheel – replace a wheel |
Peeling of a brake slip from the block basis |
Replace a block (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
* Malfunctions of the engine, coupling, transmission |
See appropriate sections of "Diagnostics" |
* Howl, whistle from a luggage carrier (freight) on a roof |
Reduce speed |
Knocks, scratches at the movement on off road terrain
| |
The car is overloaded |
Do not overload the car. Distribute freight evenly, using salon |
Shock-absorbers are faulty, their fastenings weakened, rubber pillows wore out |
Replace the shock-absorber (better at the same time both on one axis), rubber pillows |
Destruction of the buffer of a suspension bracket (forward or back) or additional top buffer (back) |
Replace buffers/buffers |
Draft or breakage of a spring of a suspension bracket |
Replace a spring (better to change at once both springs – left and right) |
Break of jet bars of a back suspension bracket or arms of their fastening, side play in saylent-blocks |
Replace bars, weld arms |
The final system is incorrectly mounted or deformed: its details touch the road or the driveshaft |
Replace final system or change the provision of its details (taking into account the suspension bracket course) |
Spherical support of a forward suspension bracket are worn out or are not greased |
Measure wear of spherical support (see. Forward suspension bracket), be convinced of free movement of spherical fingers. Put fresh ShRB-4 lubricant in covers (the lower support can be proshpritsevat) |
Saylent-blocks of a forward suspension bracket are worn-out or destroyed |
Replace saylent-blocks |
Fastening of an axis of the lower and/or top levers weakened |
Tighten threaded connections |
Fastening of a beam of a forward suspension bracket to body longerons weakened |
Tighten threaded connections |
Fastening of a steering wheel on a shaft, a steering column to an arm, the steering mechanism and an arm of the pendular lever to body longerons weakened |
Tighten threaded connections |
Knock in the steering mechanism: strong wear or destruction of working surfaces of a worm and a roller, plugs of the pendular lever, is not adjusted a gap in gearing, there is no oil in a case of the steering mechanism |
Replace worn-out details, adjust a gap in gearing of a roller and a worm, add oil |
Suspension bracket elements (levers, stabilizer bar), steering drafts are bent. Fastening of details of a suspension bracket weakened |
Correct the deformed details or replace. Tighten threaded connections |
Belts of fastening of final system, collar of fastening of an exhaust pipe to an arm on the transmission weakened or are lost |
Establish new belts, a collar |
* Lost elasticity or support of the power unit collapsed |
Replace support |
Fastening of a half shaft and brake board to a beam of the back bridge weakened |
Tighten threaded connections |
Pressure in tires is big |
Establish normal pressure |
Noise or clicks in the back bridge at turns of the car or at pro-slipping of one of driving wheels
| |
Teeths of satellites or semi-axial gear wheels are worn-out or broken |
Adjust an axial gap of semi-axial gear wheels, replace strongly worn out or broken details |
Knock, scratches at turns of the car
| |
Bolts of fastening of a wheel weakened |
Tighten bolts, at deformation of a wheel replace a wheel |
The raised axial side play of a wheel (strong wear of bearings of forward wheels or weakening of a nut of a nave) |
Tighten a wheel nave nut, if necessary replace the bearing |
The wheel touches the flap (especially on the loaded car) |
Replace the deformed suspension bracket details which sank springs. Do not overload the car. Use only regular wheels |
Breakage of a spring of a suspension bracket |
Replace a spring (better to change at once both springs of a suspension bracket – left and right) |
Break of jet bars of a back suspension bracket or arms of their fastening, side play in saylent-blocks |
Replace bars, weld arms |
Spherical support of a forward suspension bracket are worn out or are not greased |
Measure wear of spherical support (see. Forward suspension bracket), be convinced of free movement of spherical fingers. Put fresh ShRB-4 lubricant in covers (the lower support can be proshpritsevat) |
Saylent-blocks of a forward suspension bracket are worn-out or destroyed |
Replace saylent-blocks |
Fastening of an axis of the lower and/or top levers weakened |
Tighten threaded connections |
Fastening of a beam of a forward suspension bracket to body longerons weakened |
Tighten threaded connections |
Fastening of a steering column to an arm, the steering mechanism and an arm of the pendular lever to body longerons weakened |
Tighten threaded connections |
Knock in the steering mechanism: strong wear or destruction of working surfaces of a worm and a roller, bipod shaft plugs, is not adjusted a gap in gearing, there is no oil in a case of the steering mechanism |
Replace worn-out details, adjust a gap in gearing of a roller and a worm, add oil |
Suspension bracket elements (levers, stabilizer bar), steering drafts are bent |
Correct the deformed details or replace |
Vibration at the movement of the car
| |
The increased imbalance of forward wheels, deformation of the tire or its uneven wear, deformation of a wheel (the steering wheel beats) |
Balance the wheels deformed or with uneven wear of the tire, – replace the deformed wheels |
Strong imbalance of back wheels, deformation of the tire or its uneven wear, deformation of a wheel (vibration of a back of the car) |
Balance the wheels deformed or with uneven wear of the tire, – replace the deformed wheels |
Deformation of a cardan shaft / shaft, loss of balancing small weights (plates) |
Repair cardan transfer on HUNDRED with the subsequent dynamic balancing or replace |
Big side play of a crosspiece in the cardan hinge, loss of a lock ring from a hinge fork |
Check existence of lock rings in pro-points of forks, axial movement of a crosspiece. Adjust a side play, replace worn-out details |
Fastening of parts of cardan transfer weakened |
Tighten threaded connections |
Fastening of an intermediate support to an arm or an arm to a body weakened |
Tighten fastenings |
Tires are not intended for these service conditions (on the highway cross-country, snow tires, antisliding chains, etc. are used) |
Use tires according to their appointment |
Uneven wear or peeling of a protector, deformation of the tire, rim |
Replace a wheel |
Rocking of the car on the road
| |
The shock-absorber is faulty |
Replace the shock-absorber (better at the same time both on one axis) |
Vibration when braking
| |
Deformation of a brake disk |
Replace a disk (better with couple) |
The raised axial side play of a wheel (strong wear of bearings of forward wheels or weakening of a nut of a nave) |
Tighten a wheel nave nut, if necessary replace the bearing |
Ovality of the brake drum |
Pierce or replace a drum |
The piston in the back wheel cylinder is jammed |
Replace the cylinder |
The overlay of a brake shoe exfoliated from the basis |
Replace a block (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
The coupling spring of back brake shoes weakened or is broken |
Replace a spring |
Scratch, squeal when braking
| |
Extreme wear of brake slips |
Replace brake shoes (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
Introduction in material of an overlay of foreign debris (sand) |
As a rule, does not demand intervention (it is possible to clear slips a metal brush) |
Poor quality of material of a slip |
Replace a block (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
Strong corrosion of a brake disk (because of poor quality of material of a disk and/or a slip) |
(Pierce) Proshlifuyte or replace a disk |
The overlay of a brake shoe exfoliated from the basis |
Replace a block (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
The coupling spring of back brake shoes weakened or is broken |
Replace a spring |
Braking with blocking of wheels |
Not to peretormazhivayta, use the tires corresponding to traffic conditions |
The increased brake pedal course (the pedal "soft" or "fails")
| |
Air in the brake system, leak of brake fluid through thinnesses of connections of a hydraulic actuator, damage of cuffs to the main brake cylinder, pressure regulator, damage of brake tubes and hoses |
Examine all highways, their threaded connections and cylinders, eliminate leakage. Restore the normal level of liquid in a brake tank and pump over system. At detection of damages of brake hoses (cracks, swellings or traces of brake fluid) – replace hoses. At suspicion on defects of the main brake cylinder replace it with obviously serviceable |
Rubber cuffs of cylinders because of hit in brake fluid of oil, gasoline, etc. inflated. |
Replace cylinders, hoses, completely merge brake fluid, wash out system fresh liquid and pump over |
Overheat of brake mechanisms |
Let's cool down to brakes. Check thickness of slips and brake disks. Apply only brake fluids recommended by manufacturer in system. In time replace brake fluid |
The gap between blocks and a drum is increased (the device of automatic control of a gap does not work) |
Replace the wheel cylinder, pump over system |
Raised (more than 0,25 mm on edge) a beating of a brake disk |
Replace a disk |
One of contours of the working brake system does not work |
Eliminate leak of liquid from the brake system, pump over system |
The brake pedal course within norm (a pedal "rigid"), but stops the car badly
| |
Oiling of brake disks, drums, slips |
Clear greasy disks and drums, replace blocks (as a last resort grind off on a sandpaper). It is strictly forbidden to clear blocks solvents! Remove the cause of oiling (replace a half shaft cuff) |
On a surface of slips the ice or salt crust was formed (winter); slips became wet |
In a start of motion, at a small speed check brakes. During a rain and after journey of deep pools dry brakes easy pressing a pedal |
Poor quality of material of slips |
Replace blocks (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
Obstruction of brake highways: tubes (because of dents) or hoses (because of swelling or stratification of rubber) |
Replace the damaged tubes and hoses |
Jamming of the piston in the cylinder, blocks in a support |
Replace the cylinder, clear the contacting surfaces of blocks and a support, before installation grease them with SHRUS-4 |
Wear-out of brake slips (gnash of brakes) |
Replace brake shoes (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
The overlay of a brake shoe exfoliated from the basis |
Replace a block (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
Pressure regulator drive is incorrectly adjusted |
Adjust the drive |
Pressure regulator is faulty |
Replace the regulator |
The vacuum amplifier is faulty or the hose, the connecting amplifier with an inlet collector is untight |
Check integrity of a hose, its landing on unions, an inhaling of collars. For check of the amplifier: kill the engine, press 5–8 times a pedal of a brake and, holding a pedal of pressed, launch the engine. At the serviceable amplifier after launch of the engine the pedal has to "leave" noticeably forward. The faulty amplifier replace |
Incomplete disinhibition of all wheels
| |
The wrong provision of an adjusting bolt concerning a cover of the vacuum amplifier |
The end face of a bolt has to act concerning a cover end face on 1,25–0,2 mm |
Rubber cuffs of cylinders because of hit in brake fluid of oil, gasoline, etc. inflated. |
Replace cylinders, hoses, completely merge brake fluid, wash out system fresh liquid and pump over |
Jammed the piston of the main cylinder (because of corrosion, breakage of returnable springs, hit in liquid of mechanical impurity) |
Replace the main cylinder, pump over system |
Jamming of a pedal of a brake: the returnable spring is broken or was extended, are strongly worn-out, pedal plugs, corrosion of an axis are not greased |
Replace a defective spring, plugs, put in them fresh lubricant Litol-24, Tsiatim-201,-221, Fiol-1U |
Snubbing of one of wheels at the released brake pedal
| |
Jamming of the piston of the wheel cylinder |
Replace the cylinder |
Rubber cuffs of cylinders because of hit in brake fluid of oil, gasoline, etc. inflated. |
Replace cylinders, hoses, completely merge brake fluid, wash out system fresh liquid and pump over |
Obstruction of brake highways: tubes (because of dents) or hoses (because of swelling or stratification of rubber) |
Replace the damaged tubes and hoses |
Peeling of an overlay of a back brake shoe |
Replace a block (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
The coupling spring of back brake shoes weakened or is broken |
Replace a spring |
Deformation of an expansion level, distortion of blocks because of deformation of brake boards |
Correct or replace an expansion level, brake boards |
The parking brake is drawn, cables are jammed in covers |
Adjust a tension of cables, oil them engine if the cover is damaged or cable delays are disheveled, and also at strong corrosion – replace them |
Badly holds the parking brake
| |
Wrong adjustment of the drive |
Adjust the drive |
Cables of the drive are jammed in covers |
Oil cables engine if the cover is damaged or cable delays are disheveled, and also at strong corrosion – replace them |
Brake drums, slips are greasy |
Clear greasy disks and drums, replace blocks (as a last resort grind off on a sandpaper). It is strictly forbidden to clear blocks solvents! Remove the cause of oiling (replace a half shaft epiploon) |
On a surface of slips the ice or salt crust was formed (winter); slips became wet |
In a start of motion, at a small speed check brakes. During a rain and after journey of deep pools dry brakes easy pressing a brake pedal |
Wear-out of brake slips (gnash of brakes) |
Replace brake shoes (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
At an otpuskaniye of the lever of the parking brake of a wheel do not rastormazhivatsya
| |
After the long parking of the car of a block stuck (or froze) to a drum |
Pulling the lever or cables of the parking brake, try to turn a wheel carefully (not to break brake slips). Check ease of movement of cables in covers, pistons in wheel cylinders, rigidity of returnable springs of cables of the parking brake and coupling springs of blocks. At statement of the car on the parking whenever possible do not tighten a brake, and include transfer |
Wrong adjustment of the drive |
Adjust the drive |
Cables of the drive are jammed in covers |
Oil cables engine if the cover is damaged or cable delays are disheveled, and also at strong corrosion – replace them |
Withdrawal of the car from the rectilinear movement (on the flat road)
| |
Unequal pressure of air in tires |
Establish normal pressure |
Violation of corners of a longitudinal inclination of an axis of turn and/or disorder of forward wheels |
Adjust tilt angles of an axis of turn and/or disorder of forward wheels |
Considerable difference in wear of tires |
Replace the worn-out tire |
Unequal draft or breakage of springs of a suspension bracket |
Replace both springs |
Details of a suspension bracket and/or body of the car are deformed |
Correct or replace the deformed details and panels of a body |
Shift of a back axis because of break of bars or arms of their fastening |
Replace bars, weld arms |
Podtormazhivany wheels because of jamming of the piston of the wheel cylinder |
Replace the cylinder |
Podtormazhivany a back wheel because of easing or breakage of a coupling spring of back brake shoes |
Replace a spring |
Obstruction of brake highways: tubes (because of dents) or hoses (because of swelling or stratification of rubber) |
Replace the damaged tubes and hoses |
Jamming of the piston of the wheel cylinder |
Replace the cylinder |
Obstruction of brake highways: tubes (because of dents) or hoses (because of swelling or stratification of rubber) |
Replace the damaged tubes and hoses |
Withdrawal or drift of the car when braking
| |
Jamming of a wheel because of peeling of a slip from the basis of a brake shoe |
Replace a block (better at the same time everything on one axis) |
Oiling of brake disks, drums, slips |
Clear greasy disks and drums, replace blocks (as a last resort grind off on a sandpaper). It is strictly forbidden to clear blocks solvents! Remove the cause of oiling (replace a half shaft epiploon) |
On a surface of slips the ice or salt crust was formed (winter); slips became wet |
In a start of motion, at a small speed check brakes. During a rain and after journey of deep pools dry brakes easy pressing a brake pedal |
Different pressure in tires of the left and right wheels |
Establish normal pressure |
Considerable difference in wear of tires |
Replace the worn-out tire |
Deformation of a brake disk |
Replace a disk (better with couple) |
Ovality of the brake drum |
Pierce or replace a drum |
Unequal draft of springs of a forward suspension bracket |
Replace both springs |
The angles of installation of wheels are broken |
Adjust the angles of installation of wheels |
Bystry wear of a protector of tires
| |
High speed of the movement, starts with pro-slipping of wheels, braking "on a skid", passing of turns with a drift or demolition of wheels |
Change style of driving. Regulate pressure in tires, the angles of installation of wheels more often, check a condition of details of suspension brackets |
Pressure in tires differs from norm |
Establish normal pressure |
The angles of installation of forward wheels are broken |
Adjust the angles of installation of wheels |
The raised axial side play of a wheel (strong wear of bearings of forward wheels or weakening of fastening of a nut of a nave) |
Tighten a wheel nave nut, if necessary replace the bearing |
Hit on a protector of materials, aggressive in relation to rubber, – bitumen, oil, gasoline, solvents, acids, etc. |
Replace the tire |
Car overload |
Do not overload the car |
Uneven wear of a protector of tires
| |
The raised imbalance of wheels |
Balance wheels |
Deformation of the tire, rim |
Replace a wheel |
Different pressure in tires |
Establish normal pressure |
The angles of installation of forward wheels are broken |
Adjust the angles of installation of wheels |
High speed of the movement in turns, their passing with a drift or demolition of wheels |
Change style of driving. Regulate pressure in tires, the angles of installation of wheels more often, check a condition of details of suspension brackets |
The raised axial side play of a wheel (strong wear of bearings of forward wheels or weakening of fastening of a nut of a nave) |
Tighten a wheel nave nut, if necessary replace the bearing |
Wear of hinges, deformation of details of a suspension bracket or body |
Replace hinges, correct or replace the deformed suspension bracket details, longerons, body panels |
Side play in steering (see also "The increased free wheeling of a steering wheel") |
Replace worn-out hinges, tighten threaded connections, adjust a gap between a gear wheel and a lath in the steering mechanism |
The increased free wheeling of a steering wheel
| |
The gap between a worm and a roller in the steering mechanism is big |
Adjust a gap, at impossibility of adjustment replace the steering mechanism |
Plugs of the pendular lever are worn-out |
Replace plugs or the pendular lever |
Hinges of steering drafts are worn-out |
Replace drafts |
Fastenings of a case of the steering mechanism and/or arm of the pendular lever to body longerons weakened |
Tighten fastenings |
The steering wheel rotates hard
| |
Gaps in the steering mechanism are incorrectly adjusted |
Adjust gaps |
Zaboina on surfaces, deformation of a worm and/or a roller of the steering mechanism |
You zapilit small damages a file, at considerable – replace the steering mechanism |
Too strong inhaling of plugs of the pendular lever, lack of lubricant |
Adjust a nut inhaling, grease Litolom-24 plugs and put lubricant in a cavity between them. For check of effort of an inhaling of a nut it is necessary to remove an arm of the pendular lever from the car. The lever has to rotate at the annex to its end of load of 1-2 kgfs and should not be turned under the influence of a body weight |
Low pressure in tires of forward wheels |
Establish normal pressure |
Выбег the car on the flat horizontal section of the road from the speed of 50 km/h less than 500 m (at air temperature not below 20 °C and after the run not less than 20 km)
| |
Snubbing of one or several wheels |
See. "An incomplete disinhibition of all wheels", "Snubbing of one of wheels at the released brake pedal" |
The angles of installation of forward wheels are broken |
Adjust the angles of installation of wheels |
Low pressure of air in tires |
Establish normal pressure |
In the transmission oil of inappropriate viscosity is filled in |
Replace oil on recommended in the maintenance instruction |
Leak of oil from the back bridge
| |
Cuffs of half shafts or reducer are damaged or worn-out |
Replace cuffs |
Teases, risks on surfaces of shaft on which cuffs, a beating of shaft work |
You zapilit small damages a file and a zapoliruyta. A new cuff is possible a little (to 1 mm) to nedopressovat (having enclosed if necessary remote laying) that its edge worked by not worn-out part of a shaft. Replace the deformed details |
Elevated pressure in the back bridge because of a contamination of a sapun |
Clean or replace сапун |
On the shock-absorber traces of damping liquid are visible
| |
Leak of liquid from the shock-absorber (because of wear of a cuff of a rod, a sealing ring of the tank, забоин and damages of a chromic covering of a rod) |
Insignificant "otpotevaniye" of the shock-absorber in the top part (if there are no potek) when saving its characteristics is not malfunction. It is possible to check shock-absorbers at the special stand or – it is rough – having shaken the car for a wing. No more than 1-2 free fluctuations of the car are allowed. At considerable leak of liquid and/or at loss of efficiency replace the shock-absorber |