2.1. Diagnostics of malfunctions of the engine and its systems
|
List of possible malfunctions |
Diagnostics |
Elimination methods |
The bent shaft is not turned by a starter |
||
| The rechargeable battery is discharged | Tension on conclusions of the rechargeable battery at the switched-off consumers is lower than 12 Century. At inclusion of a starter from under a cowl the crash can be distributed | Charge the battery; if it is not loaded – replace |
| Decrease in capacity of the rechargeable battery | Tension on conclusions of the rechargeable battery at the switched-off consumers is more than 12 V, but at inclusion of a starter lower than 6-8 Century fall. At the same time from under a cowl the crash can be distributed. Make sure that in a starter there is no short circuit (see below) | Charge the battery with small current (no more than 1 And); if its working capacity was not restored – replace |
| Plugs of the rechargeable battery are oxidized or put leaky on | At inclusion of a starter tension in onboard network falls much more, than on conclusions of the rechargeable battery. At inclusion of a starter from under a cowl the crash can be distributed | Press out plugs, smooth out contacts, grease them with any plastic lubricant |
| Too dense oil in the engine | Check oil on the oil probe: the drop has to be liquid | Replace oil on corresponding to climatic conditions (see. The applied fuel, lubricants and operational liquids) |
| Jammed the engine or hinged units | Check free rotation of a bent shaft, the generator, pump of cooling liquid. For this purpose it is possible to turn a bent shaft for a pulley nut a special key, the crank handle for a ratchet (on those cars where there is an opening for it) or to push the car with forces of 1-2 people, having included the highest transfer | Repair the engine, the generator, replace the pump of cooling liquid |
| The chain of control of the traction relay of a starter is faulty: wires are damaged, their tips are oxidized or weakened, contacts "30" and "50" switches of ignition or the relay of inclusion of a starter do not become isolated | When turning a key in situation "starter" the traction relay does not work (there is no click under a cowl). Check whether 12 V on the operating contact of the traction relay move at the same time | Smooth out, press out tips of wires; replace the faulty switch of ignition or its contact part, the relay of inclusion of a starter |
| Short circuit or break in the involving starter relay winding. Jamming of an anchor of the relay (anchor distortion, pollution of surfaces, corrosion, etc.) | When turning a key in situation "starter" the traction relay does not work (there is no click under a cowl), but 12 V move on the operating contact of the traction relay. Remove a starter, the relay, check its work | Replace the faulty traction relay |
| Contacts of the traction relay or wires, bad contact of "weight" are oxidized | At inclusion of a starter the click under a cowl is heard, but the anchor of a starter does not rotate. Check an ohmmeter chain resistance "the rechargeable battery – a starter" including wires of "weight" (from a body to a case of coupling and from a body to a head of the block of cylinders). If chains are serviceable, remove a starter and check its work | Tighten tips of wires, press out plugs. Replace the faulty traction relay (or a starter) |
| Obgoraniye of a collector, lag of brushes or their wear |
Be convinced of serviceability of the traction relay. It is possible to give food to a starter, passing the relay. (Carefully, avoid sparking near the rechargeable battery!) On the removed starter check effort of a clip of brushes to a collector, their residual height, wear of a collector |
Smooth out a collector a fine-grained glass skin, wash out unleaded gasoline, provide free movement of brushes in nests. At strong wear of a collector replace a starter |
| Break or short circuit in an anchor winding | Be convinced of serviceability of the traction relay. It is possible to give food to a starter, passing the relay. (Carefully, avoid sparking near the rechargeable battery!) The winding of an anchor is checked after dismantling of a starter by an ohmmeter or on isolation darkening |
Replace a starter |
| Break or short circuit in the holding starter relay winding | At inclusion of a starter from under a cowl the crash is distributed. Tension on the rechargeable battery and on the operating contact of the traction relay within norm. The relay is checked by an ohmmeter or on its excessive heating | Replace the traction relay of a starter |
| Pro-slipping of the coupling of a free wheeling | At inclusion of a starter the anchor rotates, but the flywheel is not mobile. Previously be convinced that the traction relay is serviceable and the gear wheel of the drive enters gearing with a flywheel wreath (on the removed starter the gear wheel does not jam on axes, flywheel wreath teeths in good shape). | Replace the coupling or a starter. |
| The gear wheel of the coupling of a starter or teeths of a wreath of a flywheel are damaged | Survey after dismantling of knots | Replace a wreath or a flywheel. It is possible to perepressovat an old wreath of a flywheel, having turned it not worn-out party. |
| The gear wreath is turned on a flywheel | Squeal, howl from a coupling case (at inclusion of a starter the gear wreath rotates, the flywheel is not mobile; the bent shaft can be turned by breakthroughs, with pro-slipping) | Replace a wreath or a flywheel |
Strong noise during the work of a starter |
||
| The starter is fixed on the engine with a distortion, its fastening weakened or the cover from the drive is broken | Survey | Tighten threaded connections the specified moment, replace the broken, worn-out details or a starter assembled |
| Fastening of a pole of a starter weakened (touches an anchor it) | Sort a starter, examine, check coaxiality of poles and a gap between them and an anchor | Tighten fastening of poles or replace a starter |
| Excessive wear of plugs of bearings or necks of a shaft of an anchor | Survey after dismantling of a starter | Replace a starter |
| The gear wreath is turned on a flywheel | At inclusion of a starter the gear wreath rotates, the flywheel is not mobile. Squeal, howl from a coupling case | Replace a flywheel wreath |
| Teeths of a gear wheel of the drive of a starter or (more often) than a flywheel wreath are worn-out | Survey | Replace a starter or a flywheel. It is possible to perepressovat an old wreath of a flywheel, having turned it not worn-out party. |
| The gear wheel does not leave gearing with a flywheel: jams the drive lever; the coupling of a free wheeling or the traction relay of a starter weakened or is broken; the coupling on vents of a shaft of an anchor or the core of the traction relay jams; the ignition switch (contacts "30" and "50" are not disconnected) or the relay of inclusion of a starter is faulty | Check of the removed starter, survey after dismantling. Operation of the switch of ignition can be checked an ohmmeter or visually, having removed its contact part | Replace the traction relay of a starter or a starter assembled; contact group of the switch of ignition or switch assembled, relay of inclusion of a starter |
The bent shaft is turned by a starter, but the engine is not launched |
||
| In a tank there is no fuel | According to the index and a control lamp of level of fuel | Fill in fuel |
| The rechargeable battery is discharged | Tension on conclusions of the rechargeable battery at the switched-off consumers is lower than 12 Century. After several turns the starter ceases to turn a bent shaft, at the same time from under a cowl the crash can be distributed | Charge the battery; if it is not loaded – replace |
| Capacity of the rechargeable battery is reduced | Tension on conclusions of the rechargeable battery at the switched-off consumers is more than 12 V, but at inclusion of a starter falls up to 6–8 Century. After several turns the starter ceases to turn a bent shaft, at the same time from under a cowl the crash can be distributed. Make sure that in a starter there is no short circuit (see above) | Charge the battery with small current (no more than 1 And); if its working capacity was not restored – replace |
| Plugs of the rechargeable battery are oxidized or put leaky on | At inclusion of a starter tension in onboard network falls much more, than on conclusions of the rechargeable battery. At the same time from under a cowl the crash can be distributed | Press out plugs, smooth out contacts, grease them with any plastic lubricant |
| Malfunction in a chain of low voltage | Check at the included ignition whether tension on the ignition coil moves. Check an ohmmeter a chain from the ignition coil before contacts of the breaker [K] or to the switchboard [B] | Smooth out the oxidized tips, tighten the weakened fastenings of wires, replace the damaged wires, the switch of ignition or its contact part |
| [J] The gap between contacts of the breaker is not adjusted | The gap of 0,35-0,45 mm is checked by the flat probe | Adjust a gap |
| [J] The contact group of the breaker distributor is faulty: contacts are damaged or greasy, the spring weakened, the mobile contact jams on an axis | Survey, check by an autotester (see System of ignition) | Smooth out worn-out contacts a file (check their parallelism, lack of shift) and wipe dry. When weakening a spring, jamming or strong wear of contacts replace contact group |
| [J] The condenser is faulty | Take out the central wire from the distributor of ignition and fix its tip at distance of 5-6 mm from "mass" of the car. Having included ignition, manually disconnect contacts of the breaker (slightly turning it for the runner). If between a wire and "weight" slips strong, with click, a blue spark – the condenser is serviceable. If the spark weak, threadlike or is absent at all – close contacts by a piece of a wire or the screw-driver. Strengthening of a spark in this case will indicate malfunction of the condenser | Replace the faulty condenser |
| [B] Is faulty Hall's sensor or its electric chains | Is defined by the voltmeter (see System of ignition) or replacement of the sensor by obviously serviceable | Replace the faulty sensor |
| [B] Is faulty the switchboard | Replace the switchboard obviously serviceable | Replace the faulty switchboard |
| Damage of high-voltage devices and chains | Having reliably fixed the end of a high-voltage wire at distance of 5-6 mm from "mass" of the car, scroll the engine a starter (do not touch high-voltage chains!). Between a wire and "weight" the spark (for check use only obviously serviceable high-voltage wires) has to slip regularly. If the spark is absent on an ignition coil conclusion – the coil is faulty if on a conclusion or conclusions of the distributor of ignition – the runner or a cover of the distributor are faulty. Progara of the runner or a cover are defined visually. Serviceability of the resistor of the runner is checked by an ohmmeter | Replace the faulty coil, high-voltage wires, the runner. Under trying conditions (salt on roads, the frosts alternating with thaw) it is desirable for operation to replace wires of times in 5 years |
| High-voltage wires are connected to the ignition distributor in the wrong order | Survey | Connect wires according to an operating procedure of cylinders (1-3-4-2) |
| The gap between electrodes of candles does not meet standard | The gap of 0,5-0,6 mm [K] (0,7–0,8 mm [B]) is checked by the round probe | Of a side electrode establish by Podgibany the necessary gap or replace candles |
| Defective candles | Replace candles obviously serviceable or check at the special stand |
Replace faulty candles |
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| Gas distribution phases are broken | Check coincidence of tags on cranked and distributive shaft (see the Engine) | Establish the correct relative positioning of shaft (on tags) |
| 12 V on the electromagnetic valve of idling do not arrive or the valve is faulty | We check the supply voltage and lack of break in a winding of the valve an autotester. Operation of the valve can be determined by click | Temporarily it is possible to give tension on the valve directly from the plug "" the rechargeable battery (it is desirable through a safety lock) or, having turned out the faulty valve, to remove its plastic locking needle or to replace the valve with the holder of a jet (thus after switching off of ignition the engine can give flashes) |
| Fuel filters are littered, water in a power supply system froze, hoses are pressed, tubes of the fuel highway are deformed | When scrolling the engine a starter from an exhaust pipe does not smell of gasoline. In the float-operated camera of the carburetor there is no gasoline – when pressing "gas" from a spray of the accelerating pump there is no fuel stream (it is visible at uncovered the case of the air filter). | Go into the car in a warm garage in the winter, blow (the tire pump) a power supply system from the engine to a gasoline tank, replace defective hoses and tubes |
| The fuel pump does not work | Remove the bringing fuel hose from the carburetor and, having clamped it a finger, pump up fuel the pump lever. The serviceable pump has to develop the notable pressure which has to keep in a hose not less than 10 pages. Check correctness of installation of the fuel pump (a pusher vystupaniye) (see an engine Power supply system) | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms, adjust a pusher vystupaniye (adjusting laying), if necessary replace a pusher |
| The starting arrangement of the carburetor or its drive are faulty or are not adjusted | See the Carburettor | Adjust the starting arrangement, replace worn-out details |
| Suction of foreign air in an inlet collector | Examine joints, check landing of hoses, unions, an inhaling of collars. Temporarily disconnect the vacuum amplifier of brakes, having pressed the corresponding hose (the effort to brake pedals considerably will increase!) | The torn laying, details with the deformed flanges, the faulty vacuum amplifier replace |
| Fuel jets of the carburetor are littered (main fuel and idling) |
The engine is started only after several vigorous pressing a pedal of "gas". The hot engine is launched better, than cold. | Wash out solvent or acetone and blow jets, at strong pollution clean them a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Densely wrap jets (do not damage a carving and a jet!) |
| Fuel jets of the carburetor are leaky wrapped. Air jets are littered | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline is caught, the cold engine is launched better, than hot. Fuel level in the float-operated camera normal (for check uncover the carburetor) (see the Carburettor) | Wash out solvent or acetone and blow jets, at strong pollution clean them a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Densely wrap jets (do not damage a carving and a jet!) |
| Excessive level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline is caught, the cold engine is launched better, than warm. Uncover the carburetor, check tightness of a float, ease of its movement and lack of a zadevaniye for walls of the float-operated camera, tightness of the needle valve. Having turned a cover a float up, pump up gasoline the lever of manual pumping of the fuel pump. The slightest leak of gasoline from under a needle or a saddle of the valve is inadmissible | Replace the needle valve, adjust fuel level in the float-operated camera (see the Carburettor) |
| The reenriched mix because of a gasoline effluence in an engine case through the torn diaphragm of the fuel pump | Oil on the probe smells of gasoline, the signaling device of insufficient pressure of oil on single turns of the engine can light up | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms; if in oil there is a lot of gasoline, then and oil |
The engine is easily launched in cold weather, but right there becomes deaf and only after several attempts of start-up begins to work steadily |
||
| It is faulty (the spring of telescopic draft weakened, the diaphragm is torn) or the starting arrangement of the carburetor is not adjusted | Check of operability of the starting arrangement: close a wire from the coil of ignition on "weight", uncover the case of the air filter, completely close the air gate and scroll the engine a starter (ask the assistant) – at the same time the gate should not be slightly opened. Insert a high-voltage wire into the distributor and ask to launch the engine (it has to be cold) – as soon as the engine begins to work, the gate has to be slightly opened on 5 mm (see the Carburettor) | Replace a diaphragm, telescopic draft or pick up more rigid spring (see the Carburettor) |
The engine is launched long |
||
| Gasoline from the float-operated camera of the carburetor evaporated (after the long parking, especially in hot weather) | — |
After the long parking it is possible to pump up gasoline the lever of manual pumping of the fuel pump |
The engine works unstably or becomes deaf idling |
||
| The engine is not heated-up | According to the index of temperature | Warm up the engine up to the working temperature |
| Fuel-supply lines, fuel filters, water in fuel are littered | Survey, replacement | Clear a petrolreceiver grid, fuel filters, at suspicion on poor quality of gasoline, especially on the eve of a winter season, use the special additives to fuel connecting water. After their application it is recommended to wash out or replace fuel filters |
| Adjustment of idling of the engine is broken | See the Carburettor | Adjust idling (see the Carburettor) |
| Suction of foreign air in an inlet collector | Examine joints, check landing of hoses, unions, an inhaling of collars. Temporarily disconnect the vacuum amplifier of brakes, having pressed the corresponding hose (the effort to brake pedals considerably will increase!) | The torn laying, details with the deformed flanges, the faulty vacuum amplifier replace |
| Fuel jets of the carburetor are littered (main fuel and idling) | The engine is launched only after several vigorous pressing a pedal of "gas". The hot engine is started better, than cold. | Wash out gasoline or acetone and blow jets, at strong pollution clean them a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Densely wrap jets (not damage a carving and a jet!) |
| Insufficient level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | The engine is badly launched and badly "pulls". Cottons in the carburetor are possible. At a pulling of the button of "suction" breakthroughs and failures decrease or disappear completely. For check of level of fuel uncover the carburetor (see the Carburettor) |
Adjust fuel level (see the Carburettor) |
| The fuel pump does not create necessary pressure in system | Remove the bringing fuel hose from the carburetor and, having clamped it a finger, pump up fuel the pump lever. The serviceable pump has to develop the notable pressure which has to keep in a hose not less than 10 pages. Check correctness of installation of the fuel pump (a pusher vystupaniye) (see an engine Power supply system) | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms, adjust a pusher vystupaniye (adjusting laying), if necessary replace a pusher |
| Fuel jets of the carburetor are leaky wrapped. Air jets are littered | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline is caught, the cold engine is launched better, than hot. Fuel level in the float-operated camera normal (for check uncover the carburetor) (see the Carburettor) | Wash out gasoline or acetone and blow jets, at strong pollution clean them a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Densely wrap jets (do not damage a carving and a jet!) |
| Excessive level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline, the cold engine is started up better, than hot. Remove the top cover of the carburetor, check tightness of a float, ease of its movement and lack of a zadevaniye for walls of the float-operated camera. Check of tightness of the needle valve: having uncovered the carburetor and having turned it a float up, pump up gasoline the lever of the fuel pump. The slightest leak of gasoline from under a needle or a saddle of the valve is inadmissible | Replace the needle valve, adjust fuel level in the float-operated camera (see the Carburettor) |
| Reenrichment of mix because of a gasoline effluence in an engine case through the torn diaphragm of the fuel pump | Oil on the probe smells of gasoline, the signaling device of insufficient pressure of oil on single turns of the engine can light up | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms; if in oil there is a lot of gasoline, then and oil |
| 12 V on the electromagnetic valve of idling do not arrive or the valve is faulty | We check the supply voltage and lack of break in a winding of the valve an autotester. Operation of the valve can be determined by click | Temporarily it is possible to give tension on the valve directly from the plug "" the rechargeable battery (it is desirable through a safety lock) or, having turned out the faulty valve, to remove its plastic locking needle or to replace the valve with the holder of a jet (thus after switching off of ignition the engine can give flashes) |
| The gap between electrodes of candles does not meet standard | The gap between electrodes of candles does not meet standard | Of a side electrode establish by Podgibany the necessary gap or replace candles |
| Strong deposit on electrodes of spark plugs; hit of particles of a deposit in a gap between electrodes | Survey | Clear candles compressed air or mechanically (do not damage the insulator!), be convinced of their working capacity |
| Defective spark plugs: leakage of current on cracks in the insulator or on a deposit on a thermal cone, bad contact in assembly of the central electrode | Replace candles obviously serviceable or check at the special stand |
Replace faulty candles |
| Damage of high-voltage devices and chains | Having reliably fixed the end of a high-voltage wire at distance of 5-6 mm from "mass" of the car, scroll the engine a starter (do not touch high-voltage chains!). Between a wire and "weight" the spark (for check use only obviously serviceable in/in wires) has to slip regularly. If the spark is absent on an ignition coil conclusion – the coil is faulty if on ignition distributor conclusions/conclusions – the runner or a cover of the distributor are faulty. Progara of the runner or a cover are defined visually. Serviceability of the resistor of the runner is checked by an ohmmeter | Replace the faulty coil, high-voltage wires, the runner. Under trying conditions (salt on roads, the frosts alternating with thaw) it is desirable for operation to replace wires of times in 5 years |
| Wear, damage, weakening of a spring of a piece of coal in a distributor cover | Survey at uncovered | Replace a cover of the distributor or a piece of coal with a spring |
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| Bad contact in a chain of low voltage | Check at the included ignition whether tension on the ignition coil moves. Check an ohmmeter a chain from the ignition coil before contacts of the breaker [K] or to the switchboard [B] | Smooth out the oxidized tips, tighten the weakened fastenings of wires, replace the damaged wires, the switch of ignition or its contact part |
| [J] The contact group of the breaker distributor is faulty: contacts are damaged or greasy, the spring weakened, the mobile contact jams on an axis | Survey, check by an autotester (see System of ignition) | Smooth out worn-out contacts a file (check their parallelism, lack of shift) and wipe dry. When weakening a spring, jamming or strong wear of contacts replace contact group |
| [B] Is faulty Hall's sensor or its electric chains | Is defined by the voltmeter (see System of ignition) or replacement of the sensor by obviously serviceable | Replace the faulty sensor |
| [B] Is faulty the switchboard | Replace the switchboard obviously serviceable | Replace the faulty switchboard |
| [J] Decrease in capacity of the condenser or bad contact in its chain | Check a chain an autotester. For check of the condenser take out the central wire from the distributor of ignition and fix its tip at distance of 5-6 mm from "mass" of the car. Having included ignition, manually disconnect contacts of the breaker (slightly turning it for the runner). If between a wire and "weight" slips strong, with click, a blue spark – the condenser is serviceable. If the spark weak, threadlike or is absent at all – close contacts by a piece of a wire or the screw-driver. Strengthening of a spark in this case will indicate malfunction of the condenser | At suspicion replace it with malfunction of the condenser |
| Easing or breakage of springs of small weights of the centrifugal regulator of the distributor of ignition, are lost damping ringlets of small weights, jamming of small weights | Visually and at the special stand |
Replace the ignition distributor |
| Indistinct operation of the vacuum regulator of an advancing of ignition: at vacuum removal the plate does not come back to a starting position, a big side play in the bearing | Survey. The characteristic of the vacuum regulator is removed at the special stand |
Eliminate jamming, replace the faulty vacuum regulator or the distributor of ignition assembled |
| Gas distribution phases are broken | Check coincidence of tags on cranked and distributive shaft (see the Engine) | Establish the correct relative positioning of shaft (on tags) |
| Gaps in the drive of valves are not adjusted | It is checked by a set of probes (see the Engine) | Adjust gaps |
| Strong wear of cams of the camshaft | Survey after partial dismantling of the engine | Replace the camshaft |
| Low compression in cylinders (less than 10 kgfs/cm2) or its big unevenness on cylinders (more than 2 kgfs/cm2): wear or damage of valves, saddles, wear, bedding or breakage of piston rings | Warm up the engine up to the working temperature and turn out candles. Up to the end press a pedal of "gas" and, inserting into candle openings компрессометр, scroll a bent shaft a starter (work together). At the same time it is necessary to close a high-voltage wire of the coil of ignition on "weight". Repeat measurements, the gulf in cylinders through candle openings of 10-15 cm3 of engine oil. In those cylinders where the compression increased more, than on 2 kgfs/cm2, rings are perhaps strongly worn-out, broken or lay. If the compression remained lower than 10 kgfs/cm2, wear or damage of valves or their saddles is possible | Replace rings, pistons. Repair the block of cylinders |
Low turns of idling |
||
| Adjustment of single is broken engine course |
See the Carburettor | Adjust idling |
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| The engine is not heated-up | According to the index of temperature | Warm up the engine up to the working temperature |
| Stranger's suction air in an inlet collector |
Examine joints, check landing of hoses, unions, an inhaling of collars. Temporarily disconnect the vacuum amplifier of brakes, having pressed the corresponding hose (the effort to brake pedals considerably will increase!) | The torn laying, details with the deformed flanges, the faulty vacuum amplifier replace |
| Fuel jets of the carburetor are littered (main fuel and idling) | The engine is launched only after several vigorous pressing a pedal of "gas". The hot engine is started better, than cold. | Wash out gasoline or acetone and blow jets, at strong pollution clean them a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Densely wrap jets (do not damage a carving and a jet!) |
| Insufficient level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | The engine is badly launched and badly "pulls". Cottons in the carburetor are possible. At a pulling of the button of "suction" breakthroughs and failures decrease or disappear completely. For check of level of fuel uncover the carburetor (see the Carburettor) |
Adjust fuel level (see the Carburettor) |
| Excessive level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline, the cold engine is started up better, than hot. Remove the top cover of the carburetor, check tightness of a float, ease of its movement and lack of a zadevaniye for walls of the float-operated camera. Check of tightness of the needle valve: having uncovered the carburetor and having turned it a float up, pump up gasoline the lever of the fuel pump. The slightest leak of gasoline from under a needle or a saddle of the valve is inadmissible | Replace the untight needle valve, adjust fuel level in the float-operated camera (see the Carburettor) |
| Fuel jets of the carburetor are leaky wrapped. Air jets are littered | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline, the cold engine is started up better, than hot. Fuel level in the float-operated camera normal (for check uncover the carburetor) (see the Carburettor) | Wash out gasoline or acetone and blow jets, at strong pollution clean them a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Densely wrap jets (do not damage a carving and a jet!) |
| The increased resistance to an air stream in the inlet highway | Check an element of the air filter, an inlet path (lack of foreign objects, leaves, etc.) | Clear an inlet path, replace the polluted element of the air filter |
High turns of idling |
||
| Adjustment of idling of the engine is broken | See the Carburettor | Adjust idling |
| Long driving at high turns of the engine | Through 30–40 from work idling turns decrease to norm | Is not malfunction |
| Malfunction of the drive of a butterfly valve (pedal of "gas"), weakened a returnable spring on the carburetor | Check the pedal course, a gap in the drive (a free wheeling of a pedal), be convinced of lack of jamming of details | Replace defective parts, oil a cable engine |
| The starting arrangement of the carburetor or its drive is faulty or is not adjusted | See the Carburettor | Adjust the starting arrangement, replace worn-out details |
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| Excessive level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline, the cold engine is started up better, than hot. Remove the top cover of the carburetor, check tightness of a float, ease of its movement and lack of a zadevaniye for walls of the float-operated camera. Check of tightness of the needle valve: having uncovered the carburetor and having turned it a float up, pump up gasoline the lever of the fuel pump. The slightest leak of gasoline from under a needle or a saddle of the valve is inadmissible | Replace the untight needle valve, adjust fuel level in the float-operated camera |
| The air jet of idling is littered | Survey after dismantling | Wash out unleaded gasoline or acetone and blow a jet. At strong pollution clear it a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Wash out system of ventilation of a case |
| The reenriched mix because of a gasoline effluence in an engine case through the torn diaphragm of the fuel pump | Oil on the probe smells of gasoline, the signaling device of insufficient pressure of oil on single turns of the engine can light up | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms; if in oil there is a lot of gasoline, then and oil |
| Butterfly valves of the carburetor are not completely closed | On a gleam the crack between a butterfly valve and walls of the mixing camera is visible | Persistent screws of gates achieve their full closing. At the same time gates have to open easily, without jamming. After adjustment fill in screws with paint |
| Gates of the carburetor are installed on axes with a distortion and are not closed at any position of persistent screws | Survey | Operev of an axis of gates on a suitable emphasis (not to bend them), weaken screws and, having correctly oriented gates, tighten them |
| Hit of foreign objects under a butterfly valve or its drive | Survey | Remove a foreign subject, check operation of the gate |
In cold weather the engine becomes deaf soon after a start of motion, but after the short parking is launched again |
||
| In the diffuser of the carburetor the ice stopper was formed (the hose of supply of the warmed-up air is not connected to a branch pipe on a final collector) | Survey | Fix by a collar a hose on a branch pipe of an intake of the warmed-up air. |
In hot weather engine spontaneously stop |
||
| Steam stopper in a power supply system | Examine fuel-supply lines, blow the tire pump the highway | Eliminate excesses of hoses, replace the deformed tubes |
The engine does not develop full capacity and has no sufficient acceleration performance. Breakthroughs and failures at the movement of the car |
||
| The engine is not heated-up | According to the index of temperature | Warm up the engine up to the working temperature |
| In a tank there is not enough fuel | According to the index and a control lamp of level of fuel | Add fuel |
| The fuel pump does not create necessary pressure in system | Remove the bringing fuel hose from the carburetor and, having clamped it a finger, pump up fuel the pump lever. The serviceable pump has to develop the notable pressure which has to keep in a hose not less than 10 pages. Check correctness of installation of the fuel pump (a pusher vystupaniye) (see an engine Power supply system) | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms, adjust a pusher vystupaniye (adjusting laying), if necessary replace a pusher |
| Fuel-supply lines, fuel filters are littered, hoses are pressed, tubes, water in fuel are deformed | Survey | Clear a petrolreceiver grid, wash out or replace filters, defective tubes, eliminate excesses of hoses. Go into the car in a warm garage in the winter, blow (the tire pump) a power supply system from the engine to a gasoline tank. At suspicion on poor quality of gasoline, especially on the eve of a winter season use the special additives to fuel connecting water. After their application it is recommended to wash out or replace fuel filters |
| Insufficient level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | Insufficient level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | Adjust fuel level (see an engine Power supply system) |
| Jets and channels of the carburetor are littered. Jets are leaky wrapped |
Examine, blow channels and jets | Wash out gasoline or acetone and blow jets, at strong pollution clean them a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Densely wrap jets (do not damage a carving and a jet!) |
| The diaphragm of the accelerating pump is torn, jammed its lever, the spray or the bringing channels is littered | Check giving of the pump, the direction of a stream, lack of dribble of gasoline from under a diaphragm. Be convinced of free movement of the lever of the accelerating pump | Replace the damaged details, tighten threaded connections, blow valves |
| Suction of foreign air in an inlet collector | Examine joints, check landing of hoses, unions, an inhaling of collars. For a short time disconnect the vacuum amplifier of brakes, having pressed the corresponding hose (it is careful: the effort to brake pedals considerably will increase!) | The torn laying, details with the deformed flanges, the faulty vacuum amplifier replace |
| Excessive level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline, the cold engine is started up better, than hot. Remove the top cover of the carburetor, check tightness of a float, ease of its movement and lack of a zadevaniye for walls of the float-operated camera. Check of tightness of the needle valve: having uncovered the carburetor and having turned it a float up, pump up gasoline the lever of the fuel pump. The slightest leak of gasoline from under a needle or a saddle of the valve is inadmissible (see the Carburettor) | Replace the needle valve, adjust fuel level in the float-operated camera |
| The reenriched mix because of a gasoline effluence in an engine case through the torn diaphragm of the fuel pump | Oil on the probe smells of gasoline, the signaling device of insufficient pressure of oil on idling turns, idling unstable can light up | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms; if in oil there is a lot of gasoline, then and oil |
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| Malfunction in a chain of low voltage | Check at the included ignition whether tension on the ignition coil moves. Check an ohmmeter a chain from the ignition coil before contacts of the breaker [K] or to the switchboard [B] | Smooth out the oxidized tips, tighten the weakened fastenings of wires, replace the damaged wires, the switch of ignition or its contact part |
| [B] Is faulty Hall's sensor or its electric chains | Is defined by the voltmeter (see System of ignition) or replacement of the sensor by obviously serviceable | Replace the faulty sensor |
| [B] Is faulty the switchboard | Replace the switchboard obviously serviceable | Replace the switchboard obviously serviceable |
| [J] The contact group of the breaker of the distributor is faulty: contacts are damaged or greasy, the spring weakened, the mobile contact jams on an axis | Survey, check by an autotester (see System of ignition) | Smooth out worn-out contacts a file (check their parallelism, lack of shift) and wipe dry. When weakening a spring, jamming or strong wear of contacts replace contact group |
| [J] Decrease in capacity of the condenser or bad contact in its chain | Check a chain an autotester. For check of the condenser take out the central wire from the distributor of ignition and fix its tip at distance of 5-6 mm from "mass" of the car. Having included ignition, manually disconnect contacts of the breaker (slightly turning it for the runner). If between a wire and "weight" slips strong, with click, a blue spark – the condenser is serviceable. If the spark weak, threadlike or is absent at all – close contacts by a piece of a wire or the screw-driver. Strengthening of a spark in this case will indicate malfunction of the condenser | At suspicion replace it with malfunction of the condenser |
| Easing or breakage of springs of small weights of the centrifugal regulator of the distributor of ignition, are lost damping ringlets of small weights, jamming of small weights | Visually and at the special stand |
Replace the ignition distributor |
| Indistinct operation of the vacuum regulator of an advancing of ignition: at vacuum removal the plate does not come back to a starting position, a big side play in the bearing | Survey. The characteristic of the vacuum regulator is removed at the special stand |
Eliminate jamming, replace the faulty vacuum regulator or the distributor of ignition assembled |
| The gap between electrodes of candles does not meet standard | The gap of 0,5-0,6 mm [K] (0,7–0,8 mm [B]) is checked by the round probe | Of a side electrode establish by Podgibany the necessary gap or replace candles |
| Strong deposit on electrodes of spark plugs; hit of particles of a deposit in a gap between electrodes | Survey | Clear candles compressed air or mechanically (do not damage the insulator!), be convinced of their working capacity |
| Defective spark plugs: leakage of current on cracks in the insulator or on a deposit on a thermal cone, bad contact in assembly of the central electrode | Replace candles obviously serviceable or check at the special stand |
Replace faulty candles |
| Wear, damage of a contact piece of coal to an ignition distributor cover. The spring of a piece of coal weakened | Survey | Replace a cover of the distributor or a piece of coal with a spring |
| Progar of isolation of high-voltage chains | It is checked by an ohmmeter and visually (black cracks, an isolation oplavleniye). For check of high-voltage wires replace them obviously serviceable | Replace faulty an ignition distributor cover, the runner, the ignition coil, high-voltage wires |
| Incomplete opening of a butterfly valve | Is defined visually on the stopped engine | Adjust the drive of butterfly valves |
| Gas distribution phases are broken | Check coincidence of tags on cranked and distributive shaft (see the Engine) | Establish the correct relative positioning of shaft (on tags) |
| Low compression in cylinders (less than 10 kgfs/cm2) or its big unevenness on cylinders (more than 2 kgfs/cm2): wear or damage of valves, saddles, wear, bedding or breakage of piston rings | Warm up the engine up to the working temperature and turn out candles. Up to the end press a pedal of "gas" and, inserting into candle openings компрессометр, scroll a bent shaft a starter (work (more than 2 kgfs/cm2): wear or damage of valves, saddles, wear, bedding or breakage of piston rings | Replace rings, pistons. Repair the block of cylinders |
| Gaps in the drive of valves are not adjusted | It is checked by a set of probes (See the Engine) | Adjust gaps |
| Strong wear of cams of the camshaft | Survey after partial dismantling of the engine | Replace the worn-out camshaft |
| Draft or breakage of valvate springs | Survey, measurement of length of springs in a free state and under loading (after partial dismantling of the engine) | Replace the weak or broken springs |
Cottons in an inlet collector |
||
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| Gas distribution phases are broken | Check coincidence of tags on cranked and distributive shaft (see the Engine) | Establish the correct relative positioning of shaft (on tags) |
Shots in the muffler |
||
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| [J] The condenser is faulty | Take out the central wire from the distributor of ignition and fix its tip at distance of 5-6 mm from "mass" of the car. Having included ignition, manually disconnect contacts of the breaker (slightly turning it for the runner). If between a wire and "weight" slips strong, with click, a blue spark – the condenser is serviceable. If the spark weak, threadlike or is absent at all – close contacts by a piece of a wire or the screw-driver. Strengthening of a spark in this case will indicate malfunction of the condenser | Replace the faulty condenser |
| [B] Is faulty the switchboard | Replace the switchboard obviously serviceable | Replace the faulty switchboard |
| Gas distribution phases are broken | Check coincidence of tags on cranked and distributive shaft (see the Engine) | Establish the correct relative positioning of shaft (on tags) |
| Progar of isolation of high-voltage chains | It is checked by an ohmmeter and visually (black cracks, an isolation oplavleniye). Replace high-voltage wires for check obviously serviceable | Replace faulty an ignition distributor cover, the runner, high-voltage wires |
| The ignition coil is faulty | For check replace the coil obviously serviceable | Replace the faulty coil |
Cottons in an inlet collector after operation of the engine on the power modes |
||
| Candles with inappropriate kalilny number are used | — |
Use the candles recommended by manufacturer |
The increased fuel consumption |
||
| Leakage of a power supply system | Gasoline smell, begin to flow | Tighten collars on hoses, threaded connections. Check landing of unions; when weakening landing replace the corresponding knots |
| The reenriched mix because of a gasoline effluence in an engine case through the torn diaphragm of the fuel pump | Oil on the probe smells of gasoline, the signaling device of insufficient pressure of oil on single turns of the engine can light up | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms; if in oil there is a lot of gasoline, then and oil |
| The increased resistance to the movement of the car | Выбег the heated-up car (after the run not less than 20 km) from the speed of 50 km/h has to be not less than 500 m | Check and adjust pressure in tires, the angles of installation of forward wheels, operation of the brake system |
| The starting arrangement of the carburetor or its drive are faulty or are not adjusted | See the Carburettor | Adjust the starting arrangement, replace worn-out details |
| Excessive level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline, the cold engine is started up better, than hot. Remove the top cover of the carburetor, check tightness of a float, ease of its movement and lack of a zadevaniye for walls of the float-operated camera. Check of tightness of the needle valve: having uncovered the carburetor and having turned it a float up, pump up gasoline the lever of the fuel pump. The slightest leak of gasoline from under a needle or a saddle of the valve is inadmissible (see the Carburettor) | Replace the needle valve, adjust fuel level in the float-operated camera |
| Fuel jets of the carburetor are leaky wrapped. Air jets are littered. The valve of the accelerating pump is untight |
From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline, the cold engine is got better, than hot. Fuel level in the float-operated camera normal (for check uncover the carburetor) (see the Carburettor) | Wash out gasoline or acetone and blow jets, at strong pollution clean them a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Densely wrap jets (do not damage a carving and a jet!) |
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| [J] Admissions of ignition: the contact group of the breaker distributor is faulty: contacts are damaged or greasy, the spring weakened, the mobile contact jams on an axis | Survey, check by an autotester (see System of ignition) | Smooth out worn-out contacts a file (check their parallelism, lack of shift) and wipe dry. When weakening a spring, jamming or strong wear of contacts replace contact group |
| [J] Admissions of ignition: decrease in capacity of the condenser or bad contact in its chain | Check a chain an autotester. For check of the condenser take out the central wire from the distributor of ignition and fix its tip at distance of 5-6 mm from "mass" of the car. Having included ignition, manually disconnect contacts of the breaker (slightly turning it for the runner). If between a wire and "weight" slips strong, with click, a blue spark – the condenser is serviceable. If the spark weak, threadlike or is absent at all – close contacts by a piece of a wire or the screw-driver. Strengthening of a spark in this case will indicate malfunction of the condenser | At suspicion replace it with malfunction of the condenser |
| [B] Is faulty the switchboard | Replace the switchboard obviously serviceable | Replace the faulty switchboard |
| Easing or breakage of springs of small weights of the centrifugal regulator of the distributor of ignition, are lost damping ringlets of small weights, jamming of small weights | Visually and at the special stand |
Replace the ignition distributor |
| Indistinct operation of the vacuum regulator of an advancing of ignition: at vacuum removal the plate does not come back to a starting position | Survey. The characteristic of the vacuum regulator is removed at the special stand |
Eliminate jamming, replace the faulty vacuum regulator or the distributor of ignition assembled |
| Defective spark plugs: leakage of current on cracks in the insulator or on a deposit on a thermal cone, bad contact in assembly of the central electrode | Replace candles obviously serviceable or check at the special stand |
Replace faulty candles |
| Adjustment of idling of the engine is broken | See the Carburettor | Adjust idling |
| Butterfly valves of the carburetor are not completely closed | On a gleam the crack between a butterfly valve and walls of the mixing camera is visible | Persistent screws of gates achieve their full closing. At the same time gates have to open easily, without jamming. After adjustment fill in screws with paint |
| Gates of the carburetor are installed on axes with a distortion and are not closed at any position of persistent screws | Survey after removal of the carburetor | Operev of an axis of gates on a suitable emphasis (not to bend them), weaken screws and, having correctly oriented gates, tighten them |
| Hit of foreign objects under a butterfly valve or its drive | Survey after removal of the carburetor | Remove a foreign subject, check operation of the gate |
| Low compression in cylinders (less than 10 kgfs/cm2) or its big unevenness on cylinders (more than 2 kgfs/cm2): wear or damage of valves, saddles, wear, bedding or breakage of piston rings | Warm up the engine up to the working temperature and turn out candles. Completely press a pedal of "gas" and, inserting into candle openings компрессометр, scroll a bent shaft a starter (work together). At the same time it is necessary to close a high-voltage wire of the coil of ignition on "weight". Repeat measurements, the gulf in cylinders through candle openings of 10-15 cm3 of engine oil. In those cylinders where the compression increased more, than on 2 kgfs/cm2, perhaps, rings are strongly worn-out, broken or lay. If the compression remained lower than 10 kgfs/cm2, wear or damage of valves or their saddles is possible | Replace rings, pistons. Repair the block of cylinders |
The raised oil consumption (more than 1 l on 1000 km of a run) |
||
| Oil leak through laying and cuffs: wear of the condensing edges, hardening of laying, a buckling of privalochny surfaces | Wash up the engine, then after the short run examine places of possible leak | Tighten screws of fastening of the pallet of a case, cover of the mechanism of gas distribution, the fuel pump; replace worn-out cuffs |
| Oil leak through laying and cuffs: the system of ventilation of a case is littered | Survey | Clean system of ventilation |
| Wear, loss of elasticity of maslootrazhatelny caps of valves. Wear of cores of valves, guides of plugs | Survey of details | Replace worn-out details |
| Wear, breakage or coking up (mobility loss) of piston rings. Wear of pistons, cylinders | Survey after dismantling of the engine. See also "A low compression in cylinders..." | Replace rings, clear flutes in pistons. Replace worn-out pistons, chisel also to an otkhoninguyta cylinders |
Insufficient pressure of oil |
||
| It is not enough oil in the engine | On the oil level probe | Add oil |
| Use of oil of inappropriate viscosity | — |
Replace oil |
| Oil receiver grid contamination | Survey after removal of the pallet of a case | Clear a grid |
| Distortion, contamination of the reducing valve or weakening of its spring | Survey after removal of the pallet of a case | Clear the valve. Replace the faulty valve and/or a spring |
| Wear of gear wheels of the oil pump |
Survey (see the Engine) | Replace worn-out gear wheels |
| Excessive gap between inserts and necks of a bent shaft | Is defined by a measurement of details after dismantling of the engine | Replace worn-out inserts. If necessary replace or repair |
| Fluidifying of oil because of course of gasoline in an engine case through the torn diaphragm of the fuel pump | Oil on the probe smells of gasoline, the signaling device of insufficient pressure of oil on single turns of the engine can light up | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms; if in oil there is a lot of gasoline, then and oil |
| The sensor of emergency pressure of oil or its index is faulty | Check by means of the manometer and an ohmmeter (see. Control devices) | Replace the faulty sensor or the index |
The engine overheats (the arrow of the index of temperature of cooling liquid is in a red zone) |
||
| The sensor or the index of temperature is faulty | Check the index and the sensor an autotester (see. Control devices) | Replace the faulty sensor, the index |
| The thermostat is faulty | See Check of the thermostat | Replace the faulty thermostat |
| The belt of the drive of the pump of cooling liquid is poorly tense, pulleys are greasy | Survey (see Replacement of a belt of the drive of the generator) | Tighten a belt, if necessary replace. Remove the cause of oiling |
| The pump of cooling liquid is faulty | The pulley of the pump has to be turned easily by hand and not have a side play | Replace the pump |
| It is not enough liquid in the cooling system | Level of liquid is lower than a tag on a broad tank | Eliminate leaks. Add cooling liquid (see. "Falling of level of cooling liquid in a broad tank") |
| It is a lot of scum in the cooling system | — |
Wash out the cooling system means for removal of a scum. You dissolve the concentrated antifreeze only with the distilled water |
| Radiator cells are polluted | Survey | Wash out a radiator a water stream under pressure |
| The cooling system electric fan does not turn on | Close among themselves contacts of a thermoswitch of a radiator. If the fan started working (protect hands!) — the thermoswitch is faulty if it is not present — electric chains, the relay or electric motor of the fan. Check whether moves 12 V on the operating and power contacts of the relay of the electric fan. If yes, that the relay or the electric motor of the fan, differently – a relay power-supply circuit are faulty (it is checked by an ohmmeter) |
Restore contact in electric chains. Replace a faulty thermoswitch, the relay, the electric motor |
| Unacceptably low octane number of gasoline | Operation of the engine is followed by distinct detonation knocks | Fuel the car, the recommended manufacturer |
| It is a lot of deposit in the combustion chamber, on the bottoms of pistons, plates of valves | Survey after removal of a head of the block of cylinders | Remove the cause of a nagaroobrazovaniye. (see. "The increased fuel consumption", "The raised oil consumption"). Apply oils of the recommended viscosity and, whenever possible, quality |
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
Constantly the engine cooling system electric fan works (even at the cold engine) |
||
| Contacts of a thermoswitch of a radiator are not disconnected | If at a wire detachment from a thermoswitch the fan ceases to work, the switch is faulty | Replace a thermoswitch |
| Contacts of the relay of turning on of the electric fan are not disconnected | Check by a tester | Replace the relay |
The engine long gets warm up to the working temperature |
||
| The thermostat is faulty | See Check of the thermostat | Replace the faulty thermostat |
| Low air temperature (it is below -15 °C) | — |
Warm the engine: establish a cowl thermonoise isolation, guards before a radiator (do not block all area of a radiator in a zone of a krylchatka of the fan!) |
| Constantly the engine cooling system electric fan works | See. "Constantly the engine cooling system electric fan works (even at the cold engine)" | |
Falling of level of cooling liquid in a broad tank |
||
| Damage of a radiator, hoses, weakening of their landing on branch pipes. Dribble of liquid from the heater crane | Survey. Tightness of radiators (the engine and a heater) is checked in a bathtub with hot water compressed air under pressure of 1 kgf/cm2 | Replace the damaged details. Tighten collars on hoses |
| Leak of liquid through a cuff of the pump of cooling liquid | Survey | Replace the pump |
| Evaporation of liquid from the cooling system because of leakage of valves of a cover of a radiator | On the stopped engine squeeze hands cooling system hoses. Liquid should not come to a broad tank (level should not increase) | Replace a cover |
| Laying of a head of the block of cylinders is damaged. Defect of the block or head of the block of cylinders | When replacing oil from a case the emulsion with a whitish shade pours out. Emergence of plentiful white smoke from the muffler and oil spots on the surface of liquid is possible (in a broad tank). Begin to flow cooling liquid on the external surface of the engine | Replace the damaged details. Check planeness of privalochny surfaces of the block of cylinders and a head |
Detonation (the metal knocks of high-pitch tone arising, as a rule, during the operation of the engine under loading, especially on low turns – dispersal "внатяг", etc. – and disappearing at decrease in loading) |
||
| Unacceptably low octane number of gasoline | — |
Fuel the car, the recommended manufacturer |
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| Engine overheat | According to the index of temperature | Remove the overheat cause (see. "The engine overheats") |
| It is a lot of deposit in the combustion chamber, on the bottoms of pistons, plates of valves | Survey after removal of a head of the block of cylinders | Remove the cause of a nagaroobrazovaniye (see. "The increased fuel consumption", "The raised oil consumption"). Apply oils of the recommended viscosity and, whenever possible, quality |
| Candles with inappropriate kalilny number are used | — |
Use the candles recommended by manufacturer |
Extraneous noises and knocks in the engine (except a detonation, see above) |
||
| Gaps in the valvate mechanism are increased | Klatsanye in a zone of a head of cylinders. Measure gaps by the probe |
Adjust gaps |
| Noise of a chain of the gas-distributing mechanism: its tension is not adjusted, the natyazhitel and/or an uspokoitel is broken | Uniform noise in a forward part of the engine. It amplifies at average turns and variable loadings (it is well heard when dumping "gas" from 2000–2500 min.-1 to 1000–1500 min.-1) | Pull a chain (see the Engine). If necessary replace a chain, a natyazhitel, an uspokoitel |
| The valve spring is broken | Uneven weak percussion in a zone of a head of cylinders. Survey after partial dismantling of the engine | Replace a spring |
| The gap between a core of the valve and the directing plug is increased | Knock of average force and height in a zone of a head of the block of cylinders. The side play is felt when rocking in the plug of freely inserted (rassukharenny) valve | Replace the valve, the plug |
| Camshaft cams are strongly worn-out (facet) | Knock same as at the increased gaps in the valvate mechanism (see above), but is not eliminated with adjustment of gaps. Survey after partial dismantling of the engine |
Replace worn-out details |
| Knock of cranked and distributive shaft, conrod bearings, pistons, piston fingers, side play or jamming in bearings of the pump of cooling liquid | Check on HUNDRED | Repair of details on HUNDRED or replacement of knots and units |
Strong vibration of the engine See also "The engine works unstably or becomes deaf idling" |
||
| Lost elasticity or support of the power unit collapsed | Survey | Replace support |
The increased content of harmful substances in the fulfilled gases |
||
| Excessive level of fuel in the float-operated camera of the carburetor | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline, the cold engine is started up better, than hot. Remove the top cover of the carburetor, check tightness of a float, ease of its movement and lack of a zadevaniye for walls of the float-operated camera. Check of tightness of the needle valve: having uncovered the carburetor and having turned it a float up, pump up gasoline the lever of the fuel pump. The slightest leak of gasoline from under a needle or a saddle of the valve is inadmissible (see the Carburettor) | Replace the needle valve, adjust fuel level in the float-operated camera |
| The reenriched mix because of a gasoline effluence in an engine case through the torn diaphragm of the fuel pump | Oil on the probe smells of gasoline, fire of a signaling device of insufficient pressure of oil on single turns of the engine is possible | Replace the fuel pump or its diaphragms; if in oil there is a lot of gasoline, then and oil |
| The starting arrangement or its drive are faulty or are not adjusted | See the Carburettor | Adjust the starting arrangement, replace worn-out details |
| Adjustment of idling of the engine is broken | See the Carburettor | Adjust idling |
| Fuel jets of the carburetor are leaky wrapped. Air jets are littered. The valve of the accelerating pump is untight | From an exhaust pipe the strong smell of gasoline, the cold engine is started up better, than hot. Fuel level in the float-operated camera normal (for check uncover the carburetor) (see the Carburettor) | Wash out gasoline or acetone and blow jets, at strong pollution clean them a scaffold or a needle from a soft tree. Densely wrap jets (do not damage a carving and a jet!) |
| Wrong installation of the moment of ignition | See System of ignition | Adjust an ignition advancing corner |
| [J] Admissions of ignition: the contact group of the breaker distributor is faulty: contacts are damaged or greasy, the spring weakened, the mobile contact jams on an axis | Survey, check by an autotester (see System of ignition) | Smooth out worn-out contacts a file (check their parallelism, lack of shift) and wipe dry. When weakening a spring, jamming or strong wear of contacts replace contact group |
| [J] Admissions of ignition: decrease in capacity of the condenser or bad contact in its chain | Check a chain an autotester. For check of the condenser take out the central wire from the distributor of ignition and fix its tip at distance of 5-6 mm from "mass" of the car. Having included ignition, manually disconnect contacts of the breaker (slightly turning it for the runner). If between a wire and "weight" slips strong, with click, a blue spark – the condenser is serviceable. If the spark weak, threadlike or is absent at all – close contacts by a piece of a wire or the screw-driver. Strengthening of a spark in this case will indicate malfunction of the condenser | At suspicion replace it with malfunction of the condenser |
| [B] Is faulty the switchboard | Replace the switchboard obviously serviceable | Replace the faulty switchboard |
| Progar of isolation of high-voltage chains | It is checked by an ohmmeter and visually (black cracks, an isolation oplavleniye). For check of high-voltage wires replace them obviously serviceable | Replace faulty an ignition distributor cover, the runner, the ignition coil, high-voltage wires |
| Defective spark plugs: leakage of current on cracks in the insulator or on a deposit on a thermal cone, bad contact in assembly of the central electrode | Replace candles obviously serviceable or check at the special stand |
Replace faulty candles |
| Easing or breakage of springs of small weights of the centrifugal regulator of the distributor of ignition, are lost damping ringlets of small weights, jamming of small weights | Visually and at the special stand |
Replace the ignition distributor |
| Indistinct operation of the vacuum regulator of an advancing of ignition: at depression removal the plate does not come back to a starting position, a big side play in the bearing | Survey. The characteristic of the vacuum regulator is removed at the special stand |
Eliminate jamming, replace the faulty vacuum regulator or the distributor of ignition assembled |
| Eliminate jamming, replace the faulty vacuum regulator or the distributor of ignition assembled | On a gleam the crack between a butterfly valve and walls of the mixing camera is visible | Persistent screws of gates achieve their full closing. At the same time gates have to open easily, without jamming. After adjustment fill in screws with paint |
| Gates of the carburetor are installed on axes with a distortion and are not closed at any position of persistent screws | Survey | Operev of an axis of gates on a suitable emphasis (not to bend them), weaken screws and, having correctly oriented gates, tighten them |
| Hit of foreign objects under a butterfly valve or details of its drive | Survey | Remove a foreign subject, check operation of the gate |